말도 많고 탈도 많은 의사가 되는 길 (미국)

한국은 지금 의사들이 욕을 제일 많이 먹고 있는 것처럼 보인다.  불과 코로나 초기에만 해도 '덕분에'라면서 찬사를 아끼지 않았고 전국민의 영웅이 되었지만 정책당국과 의사들간의 이견충돌로 순식간에 역적으로 바뀐 듯 하다.  

자본주의 끝판왕인 미국에서는 서로간에 터치할 일도 없기에 한국과 같은 문제는 없는 듯 하고 - 이미 한국이 실시하려고 하는 정책들을 이미 시행 중임 - 형편에 맞에 의대로 가던, 아니면 공공의대라기 보다는 정부가 학비와 생활비를 부담하는 조건으로 시골에서 8년 근무하게 하는 시스템이 있긴 하다.  1년 혜택을 받으면 2년을 근무해야 하니, 입학에서 부터 졸업할 때가지 4년의 혜택을 받았으면 8년을 깡촌에서 의료서비스를 제공해야 한다.  (실상, 인기는 없다.  장점인 평균 6억원에 달하는 대학원 비용을 대출없이 끝마칠 수 있음에도, 시골을 싫어 하니).  대출을 받아서 시내에서 다녀도 8년내에 대출금 상환이 가능하니, 사명감없이는 아마도 힘들듯 하다.

 

그렇다면 미국에서는 의사가 되려면 어떤 절차를 밟아야 할까?

먼저, 한국은 고등학교를 졸업한 학생이 성적순으로 의대를 지원해서 합격하면 6년의 예본과 과정을 끝내고 인턴생활을 하고, 그 다음 레지던트 생활하는 순서를 거쳐서 의사의 길로 가게 된다.  6+1+4(3) 이면 대강 파릇파릇한 20살의 친구가 31살이나 30살이 되어야 한다는데.

미국은 어떻게 의사가 만들어질까?

일단 한국처럼 통합형이 있긴 하다.  아주 예외로.

일반적인 의사 양성 방법은, 4년제 학부 졸업 (전공 무관) 후, 의학대학원 (medical school) 교육과정을 4년 더 해야 한다. 즉, 학교에서 8년을 보내니까 한국보다는 조금 긴 편이다.  그 이후에 렌지던트 3년을 거치고 전문의로 태어나게 된다.  4+4+3이면 어쨌던 11년의 시간이 걸리게 된다.

 

학부에서는 어떠한 전공을 해도 medical school 입학시에 필요한 과목만 수강했다면 대학원에 지원할 수 있다.  경영학을 전공해도, 영문학을 전공해도 필수선행과목을 이수하였다면 지원 가능.

문제는 미국도 의대가 그만큼 많이 없다는 점과 직업으로서의 인기가 높기 때문에 입학성적이 호락호락한 것은 아니다.  대학 4년동안의 성적도 우수해야 하며, MCAT (Medical College Admission Test) 에서 528점 만점에서 적어도 510대 중반은 나와야 한다.  아래의 데이타에서 나오듯이 절대적인 수치는 아니지만, 대체로 안심(?)하는 점수이다.

GPA (학부 평점)은 4.0 만점인 점도 고려해야 할 것이다.

 

미국 메디칼대학교 입학 성적

 

State	School	GPA	MCAT
AL	University of Alabama School of Medicine	3.79	MCAT Minimum – 495 MCAT Average – 508
AL	University of South Alabama College of Medicine	3.8	MCAT Minimum – 500 (instate) and 509 (out of state) MCAT Average – 507 (instate)
AZ	University of Arizona College of Medicine – Tucson	Minimum – 3 Average – 3.67	MCAT Minimum – 498 MCAT Average – 506
AZ	University of Arizona College of Medicine-Phoenix	3.82	MCAT – 505
AR	University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences College of Medicine	3.82	MCAT – 506
CA	California Northstate University College of Medicine	3.58	MCAT – 513
CA	Drew University of Medicine and Science	3	MCAT - 498
CA	Loma Linda University School of Medicine	3.86	MCAT – 508
CA	University of California – Davis School of Medicine	3.72	MCAT – 509
CA	Stanford University School of Medicine	3.89	MCAT – 518
CA	University of California – Irvine School of Medicine	3.82	MCAT – 512
CA	University of California-Los Angeles David Geffen School of Medicine	3.79	MCAT – 508
CA	University of California – Riverside School of Medicine	3.74	MCAT – 508
CA	University of California – San Diego School of Medicine	3.84	MCAT – 517
CA	University of California – San Francisco School of Medicine	3.84	MCAT – 516
CA	University of Southern California Keck School of Medicine	3.76	MCAT – 515
CO	University of Colorado School of Medicine	3.79	MCAT – 512
CO	University of Connecticut School of Medicine	3.82	MCAT – 511
CT	Yale School of Medicine	3.87	MCAT – 518
DC	George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences	3.72	MCAT – 511
DC	Georgetown University School of Medicine	3.74	MCAT – 512
DC	Howard University College of Medicine	3.42	MCAT Minimum – 494 MCAT Average – 502
FL	Florida Atlantic University Charles E. Schmidt College of Medicine	3.76	MCAT – 512
FL	Florida International University Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine	3.71	MCAT – 510
FL	Florida State University College of Medicine	3.74	MCAT – 505
FL	University of Central Florida College of Medicine	3.76	MCAT Minimum – 500 MCAT Average – 510+D49
FL	University of Florida College of Medicine	3.86	MCAT – 514
FL	University of Miami Miller School of Medicine	3.8	MCAT – 513
FL	University of South Florida Health Morsani College of Medicine	3.68	MCAT – 514
GA	Emory University School of Medicine	3.79	MCAT – 515
GA	Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University	3.79	MCAT – 510
GA	Mercer University School of Medicine	3.72	MCAT – 507
GA	Morehouse School of Medicine	3.61	MCAT – 503
HI	University of Hawaii John A. Burns School of Medicine	3.76	MCAT – 510
IL	Chicago Medical School at Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine & Science	3.62	MCAT – 511
IL	Loyola University of Chicago Stritch School of Medicine	3.71	MCAT – 507
IL	Northwestern University The Feinberg School of Medicine	3.9	MCAT – 519
IL	Rush Medical College of Rush University	3.73	MCAT Minimum – 503 MCAT Average – 512
IL	Southern Illinois University School of Medicine	3.8	MCAT Minimum – 498 MCAT Average – 507
IL	University of Chicago Pritzker School of Medicine	3.9	MCAT – 520
IL	University of Illinois College of Medicine	3.73	MCAT – 512
IN	Indiana University School of Medicine	3.82	MCAT – 510
IA	University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine	3.85	MCAT – 512
KS	University of Kansas School of Medicine	Minimum – 3 Average – 3.83	MCAT – 507
KY	University of Kentucky College of Medicine	3.82	MCAT – 512
KY	University of Louisville School of Medicine	3.81	MCAT – 508
LA	Louisiana State University-New Orleans School of Medicine	3.73	MCAT – 509
LA	Louisiana State University-Shreveport School of Medicine	3.77	MCAT – 503
LA	Tulane University School of Medicine	3.62	MCAT – 511
MD	Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine	3.92	MCAT – 519
MD	Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences F. Edward Hebert School of Medicine	3.71	MCAT – 512
MD	University of Maryland School of Medicine	3.82	MCAT – 512
MA	Boston University School of Medicine	3.81	MCAT – 517
MA	Harvard Medical School	3.92	MCAT – 518
MA	Tufts University School of Medicine	3.74	MCAT – 513
MA	University of Massachusetts Medical School	3.77	MCAT – 512
MI	Central Michigan University College of Medicine	3.7	MCAT Minimum – 498 MCAT Average – 504
MI	Michigan State University College of Human Medicine	3.71	MCAT – 507
MI	Oakland University William Beaumont School of Medicine	3.79	MCAT Minimum – 495 MCAT Average – 507
MI	University of Michigan Medical School	3.86	MCAT – 516
MI	Wayne State University School of Medicine	3.76	MCAT – 508
MI	Western Michigan University School of Medicine	Minimum – 3 Average – 3.7	MCAT Minimum – 41st percentile rank MCAT Average – 514
MN	Mayo Medical School	3.85	MCAT – 513
MN	University of Minnesota Medical School – Twin Cities	3.8	MCAT – 509
MN	University of Minnesota Medical School – Duluth	3.65	MCAT – 503
MS	University of Mississippi School of Medicine	3.79	MCAT – 502
MO	University of Missouri – Columbia School of Medicine	Minimum – 3 Average – 3.85	MCAT Minimum – 495 MCAT Average – 509
MO	Saint Louis University School of Medicine	3.87	MCAT – 512
MO	University of Missouri – Kansas City School of Medicine	Minimum – 3 Average – 3.83	MCAT Minimum – 500 MCAT Average – 509
MO	Washington University School of Medicine	3.89	MCAT – 521
NE	Creighton University School of Medicine	3.81	MCAT – 510
NE	University of Nebraska School of Medicine	3.83	MCAT – 509
NV	University of Nevada School of Medicine	3.75	MCAT Minimum – 500 MCAT Average – 509
NH	Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth	3.78	MCAT – 515
NJ	Cooper Medical School of Rowan University	3.69	MCAT – 507
NJ	Rutgers New Jersey Medical School	3.79	MCAT – 512
NJ	Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School	Minimum – 3 Average – 3.7	MCAT Minimum – 494 MCAT Average – 511
NM	University of New Mexico School of Medicine	3.77	MCAT Minimum – 491 MCAT Average – 504
NY	Albany Medical College	3.6	MCAT – 510
NY	Albert Einstein College of Medicine of Yeshiva University	3.83	MCAT – 516
NY	Columbia University College of Physicans and Surgeons	3.87	MCAT – 519
NY	Hofstra Northwell School of Medicine	3.78	MCAT – 516
NY	Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai	3.84	MCAT – 519
NY	New York Medical College	3.65	MCAT – 512
NY	New York University School of Medicine	3.9	MCAT – 520
NY	SUNY – Downstate Medical Center College of Medicine	3.78	MCAT – 514
NY	SUNY – Buffalo Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences	3.78	MCAT – 511
NY	SUNY – Upstate Medical University	3.75	MCAT – 512
NY	Stony Brook University School of Medicine	3.8	MCAT – 514
NY	University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry	3.79	MCAT – 515
NY	Weill Cornell Medical College	3.87	MCAT – 519
NC	Duke University School of Medicine	3.85	MCAT – 516
NC	East Carolina University Brody School of Medicine	3.7	MCAT – 506
NC	University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill School of Medicine	3.75	MCAT – 512
NC	Wake Forest School of Medicine	3.69	MCAT – 511
ND	University of North Dakota School of Medicine and Health Sciences	3.79	MCAT – 503
OH	Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine	3.81	MCAT – 517
OH	Northeast Ohio Medical University	3.78	MCAT Minimum – 500 MCAT Average – 505
OH	The Ohio State University College of Medicine	3.83	MCAT – 515
OH	The University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences	3.73	MCAT – 511
OH	University of Cincinnati college of Medicine	3.86	MCAT – 515
OH	Wright State University Boonshoft School of Medicine	3.74	MCAT Minimum – 495 MCAT Average – 508
OK	University of Oklahoma College of Medicine	3.82	MCAT – 507
OR	Oregon Health & Science University School of Medicine	3.73	MCAT – 510
PA	Drexel University College of Medicine	3.73	MCAT – 511
PA	Geisinger Commonwealth School of Medicine	3.72	MCAT – 510
PA	Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine	3.82	MCAT – 509
PA	Perelman School of Medicine University of Pennsylvania	3.87	MCAT – 518
PA	Sidney Kimmel Medical College at Thomas Jefferson University	3.75	MCAT – 512
PA	Temple University Lewis Katz School of Medicine	3.79	MCAT – 512
PA	University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine	3.85	MCAT – 515
PR	Ponce School of Medicine and Health Sciences	3.68	MCAT Minimum – 494 MCAT Average – 499
PR	San Juan Bautista School of Medicine	Minimum – 2.75 Average – 3.65	MCAT Minimum – 492 MCAT Average – 496
PR	Universidad Central Del Caribe School of Medicine	3.67	MCAT Minimum – 490 MCAT Average – 495
PR	University of Puerto Rico School of Medicine	3.74	MCAT Minimum – 490 MCAT Average – 502
RI	Brown University The Warren Alpert Medical School	3.79	MCAT – 515
SC	Medical University of South Carolina College of Medicine	3.74	MCAT Minimum – 493 MCAT Average – 509
SC	University of South Carolina School of Medicine – Columbia	3.78	MCAT – 506
SC	University of South Carolina School of Medicine – Greenville	3.76	MCAT – 507
SD	University of South Dakota Sanford School of Medicine	Minimum – 3.1 Average – 3.86	MCAT Minimum – 496 MCAT Average – 509
TN	East Tennessee State University Quillen College of Medicine	3.82	MCAT – 506
TN	Meharry Medical College School of Medicine	3.52	MCAT Minimum – 495 MCAT Average – 499
TN	University of Tennessee Health Science Center College of Medicine	3.79	MCAT – 510
TN	Vanderbilt University School of Medicine	3.9	MCAT – 520
TX	Baylor College of Medicine	3.89	MCAT – 515
TX	Texas A&M Health Science Center College of Medicine	3.8	MCAT – 510
TX	Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center Paul L. Foster School of Medicine	3.82	MCAT – 507
TX	Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center School of Medicine – Lubbock	3.8	MCAT – 508
TX	University of Texas at Austin Dell Medical School	3.88	MCAT – 512
TX	University of Texas Medical Branch School of Medicine	3.92	MCAT – 508
TX	University of Texas McGovern Medical School at Houston	3.84	MCAT – 511
TX	University of Texas Rio Grande Valley School of Medicine	3.64	MCAT – 504
TX	University of Texas School of Medicine at San Antonio	3.82	MCAT – 509
TX	University of Texas Southwestern Medical School	3.89	MCAT – 514
UT	University of Utah School of Medicine	Minimum – 3.2 Average – 3.75	MCAT Minimum – 492 MCAT Average – 510
VT	The University of Vermont Larner College of Medicine	3.82	MCAT – 512
VA	Eastern Virginia Medical School	3.72	MCAT – 512
VA	Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine	3.74	MCAT Minimum – 501 MCAT Average – 511
VA	Virginia Tech Carilion School of Medicine and Research Institute	Minimum – 3 Average – 3.61	MCAT – 513
VA	University of Virginia School of Medicine	3.9	MCAT – 518
WA	University of Washington School of Medicine	3.71	MCAT – 507
WV	Marshall University Joan C. Edwards School of Medicine	3.68	MCAT Minimum – 498 MCAT Average – 501
WV	West Virginia University School of Medicine	3.79	MCAT – 507
WI	Medical College of Wisconsin	3.76	MCAT Minimum – 503 MCAT Average – 510
WI	University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health	Minimum – 3 Average – 3.81	MCAT Minimum – 503 MCAT Average – 512

중요한 것.

성적은 기본으로 좋아야 한다는 점.  이게 무슨 말인고 하니, 미국의대는 성적이 좋으면 면접에 초대받을 수 있다는 것이지 합격이 보장되는 것이 아니라는 점이다.  인터뷰 관문을 넘어야 하는데, 이 과정에서 의사로서의 직업의식, 사명감, 도덕성 등을 다방면으로 고려하여 선발한다.  따라서 학부 4년을 다니는 동안, 다양한 의료관관 분야에 활동하여야 하는데, 자원봉사, 병원에서의 shadowing 같은 활동 등 다양한 외부활동을 기록을 같이 보여줘야 하기에 그 준비가 만만한 것이 아니다.